Which type of health hazard includes substances that could potentially cause cancer?

The correct choice is the type of health hazard known as carcinogens, which refers specifically to substances that are recognized for their ability to cause cancer in living tissue. Carcinogens can induce changes in cellular processes, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and the development of tumors. This categorization is significant under OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard because it necessitates specific labeling, training, and safety data sheets to ensure workers are aware of their potential risk and can take necessary precautions while handling these substances.

Other options like corrosives pertain to substances that can cause destructive damage to living tissues or severe corrosion to materials, while flammable chemicals are those that can ignite and catch fire easily. Irritants refer to substances that can cause inflammation of the skin or respiratory tract. While each of these categories represents significant health hazards, they do not specifically relate to the risk of cancer like carcinogens do.